A study of 92 adults with type 2 diabetes in southern Riyadh revealed that health literacy significantly correlates with self-care management, supporting a newly proposed nursing framework for Saudi. In a cross-sectional assessment of 92 adults with type 2 diabetes attending five primary healthcare centers in southern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, more than half of the participants exhibited inadequate or problematic health literacy, which correlated directly with poorer self-care management.