India's shift to smaller families shows demographic change. India's family structure has changed sharply, with mothers having five or more children falling from 27% in 1993 to 8% in 2021. Meanwhile, mothers with one or two children rose to 60%. India's Total Fertility Rate also declined from 5.2 in 1971 to 1.9 in 2023, reflecting rising education, healthcare, incomes and changing family choices.